On this day only the high priest entered the Holy of Holies to make atonement for his sins and those of the Israelites
Lev 23:26-32 The LORD again spoke to Moses: "The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. You are to hold a sacred assembly and practice self-denial; you are to present a fire offering to the LORD. On this particular day you are not to do any work, for it is a Day of Atonement to make atonement for yourselves before the LORD your God. If any person does not practice self- denial on this particular day, he must be cut off from his people. I will destroy among his people anyone who does any work on this same day. You are not to do any work. This is a permanent statute throughout your generations wherever you live. It will be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you must practice self-denial. You are to observe your Sabbath from the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening."
Genesis Rabbah 3:10
From the very beginning of the world's creation the Holy One, Blessed be HE, foresaw the deeds of the righteous and the deeds of the wicked. And the earth was desolate alludes to the deeds of the wicked; and G-D said: ' Let there be light, those of the righteous; and G-D saw the light, that it was good, to the deeds of the righteous, and G-D made a division between the light and the darkness: between the deeds of the righteous and those of the wicked; and G-D called the light day alludes to the deeds of the righteous; and the darkness called HE night, to those of the wicked; and there was evening, to the deeds of the wicked; and there was morning, to those of the righteous; One day: the Holy One, Blessed be HE, gave them one day, and which is that? It is the Day of Atonement.
Pesikta Rabbati 40:5
The Holy One, Blessed be HE, said to Israel: Remake yourselves by repentance during the 10 days between New Year's Day and the Day of Atonement and I will hold you guiltless, regarding you as a newly made creature.
The numerical value of the letters in Ha Satan (the satan), "the adversary", is 364, which is one short of days in the year. Thus the adversary is given the authority to make accusations against the children of Israel on all the days of the year, except on the Day of Atonement, when the Holy One, blessed be HE, says to him: "Thou hast no authority to touch them. Nevertheless, go forth and see wherein they busy themselves."
Then the adversary going forth, finds all of them fasting and praying, dressed in white garments and cloaked like the ministering angels, and forthwith goes back in shame and confusion. The Holy One, blessed be HE, asks: "What hast thou found out about My children?" And he answers: "Verily, they are like the ministering angels, and I am unable to touch them." Thereupon the Holy One, blessed be HE, chains the adversary and declares to the children of Israel: "I have forgiven you." Midrash on Psalms 27:4
Psa 27:4 One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to enquire in his temple.
Ezekiel 33:12 even if a man was wicked throughout his life and repented at the end, we must not mention anything about his wickedness. Eze 33:12 And thou, son of man, say unto the children of thy people: The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression; and as for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not stumble thereby in the day that he turneth from his wickedness; neither shall he that is righteous be able to live thereby in the day that he sinneth.
Rabbi Yohanan, a second-century sage,
teaches that three books are open on Rosh Hashanah:
one for the completely righteous, one for the completely wicked,
and one for those in between, that is the average human being.
The first two books are sealed on Rosh Hashanah;
the last is kept in suspension until Yom Kippur so that
" If they do well, they are inscribed in the Book of Life and if they do not do well they are inscribed in the Book of Death. B.T. Rosh Hashanah 16 b
* All are judged on Rosh Hashanah and the verdict is issued on Yom Kippur-(Tosefta Rosh Hashanah 1:13)
The liturgy for Yom Kippur was developed after the destruction of the Second Temple
The Scholar Saadiah Gaon gave his four steps to repentance
1) Renunciation of sin
2) Remorse
3) Quest for forgiveness
4) Obligation not to relapse into sin
*He based these on the verses from Hosea 14:1-4
P.T. Makkot 31:d They asked wisdom ,' What is the punishment of the sinner ?' wisdom replied, ' Misfortune pursues the sinner.' (Prov 13:21 ). They asked prophecy, ' What is the punishment of the sinner ?' prophecy replied, ' The person who sins shall die' (ezek 18:4). They asked Torah, ' What is the punishment of the sinner ? ' Torah replied, 'Let him bring his guilt offering ; and it will be forgiven him, as it is said: ' That it may be acceptable in his behalf in expiation for him' (Lev 1:4) They asked the Holy One ,blessed is HE, ' What is the punishment of the sinner ?' The Holy One replied, ' Let him repent and his sin will be atoned, as it is written : 'Good and upright is the L-RD ; therefore he shows sinners the way ' (Psalm 25:8)
Lev 23:26-32 The LORD again spoke to Moses: "The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. You are to hold a sacred assembly and practice self-denial; you are to present a fire offering to the LORD. On this particular day you are not to do any work, for it is a Day of Atonement to make atonement for yourselves before the LORD your God. If any person does not practice self- denial on this particular day, he must be cut off from his people. I will destroy among his people anyone who does any work on this same day. You are not to do any work. This is a permanent statute throughout your generations wherever you live. It will be a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you must practice self-denial. You are to observe your Sabbath from the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening."
Genesis Rabbah 3:10
From the very beginning of the world's creation the Holy One, Blessed be HE, foresaw the deeds of the righteous and the deeds of the wicked. And the earth was desolate alludes to the deeds of the wicked; and G-D said: ' Let there be light, those of the righteous; and G-D saw the light, that it was good, to the deeds of the righteous, and G-D made a division between the light and the darkness: between the deeds of the righteous and those of the wicked; and G-D called the light day alludes to the deeds of the righteous; and the darkness called HE night, to those of the wicked; and there was evening, to the deeds of the wicked; and there was morning, to those of the righteous; One day: the Holy One, Blessed be HE, gave them one day, and which is that? It is the Day of Atonement.
Pesikta Rabbati 40:5
The Holy One, Blessed be HE, said to Israel: Remake yourselves by repentance during the 10 days between New Year's Day and the Day of Atonement and I will hold you guiltless, regarding you as a newly made creature.
The numerical value of the letters in Ha Satan (the satan), "the adversary", is 364, which is one short of days in the year. Thus the adversary is given the authority to make accusations against the children of Israel on all the days of the year, except on the Day of Atonement, when the Holy One, blessed be HE, says to him: "Thou hast no authority to touch them. Nevertheless, go forth and see wherein they busy themselves."
Then the adversary going forth, finds all of them fasting and praying, dressed in white garments and cloaked like the ministering angels, and forthwith goes back in shame and confusion. The Holy One, blessed be HE, asks: "What hast thou found out about My children?" And he answers: "Verily, they are like the ministering angels, and I am unable to touch them." Thereupon the Holy One, blessed be HE, chains the adversary and declares to the children of Israel: "I have forgiven you." Midrash on Psalms 27:4
Psa 27:4 One thing have I desired of the LORD, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of the LORD all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to enquire in his temple.
Ezekiel 33:12 even if a man was wicked throughout his life and repented at the end, we must not mention anything about his wickedness. Eze 33:12 And thou, son of man, say unto the children of thy people: The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression; and as for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not stumble thereby in the day that he turneth from his wickedness; neither shall he that is righteous be able to live thereby in the day that he sinneth.
Rabbi Yohanan, a second-century sage,
teaches that three books are open on Rosh Hashanah:
one for the completely righteous, one for the completely wicked,
and one for those in between, that is the average human being.
The first two books are sealed on Rosh Hashanah;
the last is kept in suspension until Yom Kippur so that
" If they do well, they are inscribed in the Book of Life and if they do not do well they are inscribed in the Book of Death. B.T. Rosh Hashanah 16 b
* All are judged on Rosh Hashanah and the verdict is issued on Yom Kippur-(Tosefta Rosh Hashanah 1:13)
The liturgy for Yom Kippur was developed after the destruction of the Second Temple
The Scholar Saadiah Gaon gave his four steps to repentance
1) Renunciation of sin
2) Remorse
3) Quest for forgiveness
4) Obligation not to relapse into sin
*He based these on the verses from Hosea 14:1-4
P.T. Makkot 31:d They asked wisdom ,' What is the punishment of the sinner ?' wisdom replied, ' Misfortune pursues the sinner.' (Prov 13:21 ). They asked prophecy, ' What is the punishment of the sinner ?' prophecy replied, ' The person who sins shall die' (ezek 18:4). They asked Torah, ' What is the punishment of the sinner ? ' Torah replied, 'Let him bring his guilt offering ; and it will be forgiven him, as it is said: ' That it may be acceptable in his behalf in expiation for him' (Lev 1:4) They asked the Holy One ,blessed is HE, ' What is the punishment of the sinner ?' The Holy One replied, ' Let him repent and his sin will be atoned, as it is written : 'Good and upright is the L-RD ; therefore he shows sinners the way ' (Psalm 25:8)
